Species Descriptions

Convolvulus tragacanthoides

Author:
Fang R.C. & G. Staples
Contributors:
General comments:

Sa’ad (loc. cit. p. 77) used Convolvulus spinifer M. Popov for this distinctive species; Grigor’ev (Fl. URSS 19: 15. 1953) had placed this name in synonymy with C. tragacanthoides Turczaninow, the earlier name.

Common names and uses:
ci xuan hua (Chinese).
Author:
Fang R.C. & G. Staples
Distribution:

China (Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.

Ecology:

Dry pebbly and stony
soils, deserts, rock crevices

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Flowers:
Flowers 2–6, terminal, rarely solitary, paired spines absent. Sepals elliptic or oblong-obovate, 5–8 mm, abaxial surface dull yellow tomentose-villous, apex short acuminate. Corolla pink, funnelform, 1.5–2.5 cm, midpetaline bands densely pubescent; limb shallowly 5-lobed. Stamens unequal; filaments dilated basally. Ovary pubescent; stigmas linear.
Fruits:
Capsule globose, 4–6 mm, pubescent apically.
Habit:
Subshrubs forming ± compact cushions, silvery sericeous, 4–10(–15) cm tall. Stems densely branched; twigs hard, spinescent; flowering branches more elongate, not spinescent.
Inflorescences:
Pedicel 2–5 mm.
Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Convolvulus tragacanthoides Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 201. 1832.

Leaves:
Leaves sessile, linear, rarely oblanceolate, 5–20 × 1–4 mm, base attenuate, apex rounded.
Phenology:

Flw. May-Jul.

References:

Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 271–325.

References:

Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 271–325.

Seeds:
Capsule globose, 4–6 mm, pubescent apically.
Synonyms:

Convolvulus fruticosus Pallas f. tianschanica Palibin

C. spinifer M. Popov

Fri, 2011-09-16 07:39 -- Esmond
Convolvulus fruticosus

Author:
Fang R.C. & G. Staples
Contributors:
Common names and uses:
guan mu xuan hua (Chinese).
Author:
Fang R.C. & G. Staples
Distribution:

China (Xinjiang), Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, S Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia.

Ecology:

Gravelly
or sandy soils, deserts, mountains, plains; 1400–2000 m.

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Flowers:
Pedicel 2–6 mm. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2–4 in a cyme, on a short lateral branch often ending in 1 or 2 spines. retuse apically. Disc ring-like. Ovary conical, pubescent; stigmas linear.
Fruits:
Capsule ovoid-acute, 5–7 mm, pubescent distally.
Habit:
Shrubs or dwarf shrubs, 20–50 cm tall, with densely straggling divaricate branches; branches densely appressed pilose; twigs sometimes with short hard spines, lower leaves sometimes clustered on short shoots.
Inflorescences:
Pedicel 2–6 mm. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2–4 in a cyme, on a short lateral branch often ending in 1 or 2 spines.
Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Convolvulus fruticosus Pallas, Reise 2: 734. 1773.

Leaves:
Leaves nearly sessile, linear-spatulate to linear, rarely oblong-obovate, 22–35(–45) × 4–7 mm, densely appressed pilose, base decurrent, apex acute to obtuse.
Phenology:

Flw. Apr-Jul, frt. Jul

References:

Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 271–325.

References:

Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 271–325.

Fri, 2011-09-16 07:33 -- Esmond
Convolvulus gortschakovii

Author:
Fang R.C. & G. Staples
Contributors:
Common names and uses:
ying zhao chai (Chinese).
Author:
Fang R.C. & G. Staples
Distribution:

China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shanxi, Xinjiang), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, ?Uzbekistan.

Ecology:

Sandy or pebbly
deserts, stony dry slopes.

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Flowers:
Sepals unequal, 8–12 mm, sparsely pilose or glabrous abaxially, or ciliate distally; outer 2 sepals broadly ovate-circular, base cordate; inner 3 sepals narrower. Corolla rose, funnelform, 1.7–2.2 cm, midpetaline bands densely hirsute. Stamens included, slightly unequal; filaments glabrous; anthers sagittate. Disc ring-like. Ovary conical, long pubescent; stigmas linear.
Fruits:
Capsule ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 6 mm, apex sparsely pubescent.
Habit:
Subshrubs or cushion shrubs, 10–20(–30) cm tall, with densely straggling, divaricate branches; branches densely silvery sericeous; twigs with short hard spines.
Inflorescences:
Pedicel 1–2 mm. Flowers solitary, axillary, on short branches.
Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Convolvulus gortschakovii Schrenk in Fischer & Meyer, Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 18. 1841.

Leaves:
Leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, densely silvery sericeous, base attenuate, apex acute to obtuse.
Phenology:

Flw. May-Jun.

References:

Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 271–325.

References:

Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 271–325.

Synonyms:

Convolvulus pungens Karelin & Kirilow

Fri, 2011-09-16 07:24 -- Esmond
Calystegia silvatica

Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Contributors:
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Collector(s):
22
Distribution:

Northern Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Calystegia silvatica (Kitaibel) Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 74. 1844.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae inP. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae inP. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

Synonyms:

Volvulus japonicus (Thunb.) Farwell var. pubescens (Lindl.) Farwell

Calystegia sylvestris (Willd.) Roemer & Schultes

Convolvulus sylvestris Willd.

Fri, 2011-09-16 07:09 -- Esmond
Calystegia sepium

Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Contributors:
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Chromosome number:
22
24
General comments:

Calystegia sepium is a widespread and highly polymorphic species. A number of geographical subspecies have been recognized in temperate parts of the northern and southern hemispheres.

Common names and uses:
ou xuan hua (Chinese).
Distribution:

Northern Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, New Zealand, North America, Pacific Islands, South America.

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br., Prodr. 483. 1810.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae inP. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae inP. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

Synonyms:

Convolvulus sepium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 153. 1753

Volvulus sepium (L.) Junger.

Fri, 2011-09-16 07:01 -- Esmond
Calystegia pubescens

Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Contributors:
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Chromosome number:
22
General comments:

The name Calystegia pubescens was given to a double-flowered form cultivated in Britain that is now naturalized in Europe and North America (Convolvulus pellitus f. anestius Fernald, Calystegia dahurica f. anestia (Fernald) Hara), which was originally collected near Shanghai. Normal-flowered plants from this area were referred by Liou & Ling (Fl. Ill. Nord Chine p.27. 1931) as C. japonica Choisy, but C. pubescens is the earlier name. In North America, Calystegia pubescens is commonly introduced and has often been misidentified as C. hederacea Wall.

Plants intermediate between Calystegia pubescens and C. hederacea, from Japan, where they probably are sympatric, have been named as Convolvulus japonicus Thunb. [=Calystegia sepium var. japonica (Thunb.) Makino, non Calystegia japonica Choisy]. Their status is in doubt.

Common names and uses:
rou mao da wan hua (Chinese).
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Distribution:

China (Beijing City, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, ?Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang), Japan, Korea; double-flowered form introduced in Europe and North America.

Ecology:

Waste
places, grassy or shrubby hillsides, sometimes a weed of cultivation.

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Flowers:
Corolla pink or rarely white, 4.2–6.7 cm. Stamens 2.4–3.2 cm; anthers 4.5–6 mm.
Habit:
Stems trailing or usually climbing, to several meters tall, glabrous to sparsely pubescent.
Inflorescences:
Peduncles not exceeding leaf, glabrous or pubescent towards base; bracteoles 15–21(–24) × 8–14 mm, usually glabrous and obtuse.
Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Calystegia pubescens Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 1: 70. 1846.

Leaves:
Petiole 1–6 cm; leaf blade narrowly triangular to oblong, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, ± parallel-sided at middle, weakly to strongly lobed at base but lobes not more than 1/3 length of midvein.
Phenology:

Flw. Aug.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae inP. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae inP. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae inP. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

Synonyms:

Calystegia dahurica f. anestia (Fernald) Hara

C. japonica Choisy

C. japonica f. albiflora (Makino) Hara

C. japonica var. albiflora Makino

Convolvulus pellitus Ledeb. f. anestius Fernald

Volvulus japonicus (Thunb.) Farwell var. pubescens (Lindl.) Farwell

Thu, 2011-09-15 09:44 -- Esmond
Calystegia pellita

Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Contributors:
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Chromosome number:
22
Common names and uses:
teng chang miao (Chinese).
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Distribution:

China (Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol, Shandong), Korea, ?Mongolia, Russia.

Ecology:

Grassy
places, mountain slopes, sometimes a weed of cultivation; 300–700(–1700) m.

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Flowers:
Corolla pink, 4.4–5.5 cm. Stamens 2.5–3.3 cm; anthers 5(–6) mm.
Habit:
Plants appressed pubescent to villous. Stems prostrate to weakly climbing, or ± erect, to 1 m.
Inflorescences:
not exceeding leaves, pubescent; bracteoles 1.3–2.4 × 1–1.8 cm, apex acute to obtuse.
Infraspecific Characters:

Chinese
floras recognize 3 subspecies, which can be distinguished by the following key.

1a.
Leaves 8–20 mm wide, 4–7 × as long as wide; major lateral veins 4–9 per side

                                                                                                                            3b. subsp. longifolia

1b.
Leaves 15–30 mm wide, 3–4 × as long as wide; major lateral veins 3–5 per side.

2a. Stems prostrate to weakly climbing; leaves mostly narrowly triangular,
base truncate to slightly hastate or weakly lobed                                                                                                            3a. subsp. pellita

2b. Stems ± erect; leaves broadly oblong, base truncate                                        3c. subsp. stricta

Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Calystegia pellita (Ledeb.) G. Don, Gen Hist. 4: 296. 1837.

Leaves:
Petiole 1–12 mm; leaf blade narrowly triangular to oblong, 3–7 × as long as wide, unlobed to slightly hastate or with short lobes less than 1/4 length of midvein, sparsely pubescent to villous.
References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

Thu, 2011-09-15 06:50 -- Esmond
Calystegia hederacea

Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Contributors:
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
General comments:

Only
one collection has ever been made in Africa, from Ethiopia, and I have seen
only 2 or 3 collections from North America. Actually, Calystegia pubescens Lindley is more common as an introduction in
North America, where it has often been misidentified as Calystegia hederacea.

Common names and uses:
da wan hua (Chinese).
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Distribution:

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang) Afghanistan, India, Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; introduced in Ryukyu Islands Islands), Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan; NE Africa, rarely introduced in North America.

Ecology:

Fields,
wasteland, roadsides, river banks, often on sandy soils; 100–3500 m.

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Flowers:
Corolla pale pink or occasionally whitish or purplish, 2–3.5 cm. Stamens 1.1–1.6(–1.9) cm; anthers 3–4 mm.
Habit:
Plants glabrous. Stems erect when young, later shoots prostrate or twining, to 1 m long.
Inflorescences:
Lower peduncles exceeding leaves, upper peduncles shorter; bracteoles ± ovate, 7–14(–18) × (4–)6–10(–12) mm, flat, apex acute to ± obtuse.
Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Calystegia hederacea Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 94. 1824.

Leaves:
Petiole 1–5 cm; leaf blade sagittate, triangular to narrowly triangular, 2–8 × 2–7 cm including lobes; lobes abruptly spreading, with 2(or 3) acute angles, sinus with divergent sides.
Phenology:

Flw. Mar-Sep, frt. Jun-Sep.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

Synonyms:

Calystegia abyssinica Engler

C. acetosifolia (Turczaninow) Turczaninow

C. hederacea Wall. var. elongata Liou & Ling

Convolvulus acetosifolius Turczaninow

Volvulus hederaceus (Wall.) Kuntze

C. calystegioides Choisy

C. wallichianus Spreng.

Thu, 2011-09-15 06:20 -- Esmond
Calystegia soldanella

Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Contributors:
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Chromosome number:
22
Common names and uses:
shen ye da wan hua (Chinese).
Author:
Brummitt, R.K.
Distribution:

On seashores and sandy inland shores around the world. China (Fujian, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Taiwan, Zhejiang), Japan (including Ryukyu Islands Islands), Korea, Russia (Caspian Sea, Kuril Islands); Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, Pacific Islands, South America.

Ecology:

Sandy
seashores, coastal dunes; sea level.

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Flowers:
bracteoles ovate to nearly circular, usually shorter than calyx, apex obtuse or retuse. Corolla pink, 3–5(–5.5) cm. Stamens (1.8–)2.1–2.7(–3) cm; anthers (3–)4–5.5(–6) mm.
Habit:
glabrous. Stems prostrate, to 1 m, scarcely twining or not.
Inflorescences:
Lower peduncles usually exceeding leaves, upper peduncles often shorter.
Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Calystegia soldanella (L.) R. Br., Prodr. 483. 1810.

Leaves:
Petiole longer than leaf blade; leaf blade reniform, slightly fleshy, sinus divergent or shortly parallel-sided, apex rounded to emarginate, sometimes mucronate.
Phenology:

Flw. May-Jul, frt. Jul-Sep.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

References:

Brummitt, R.K. in Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 286–289.

Synonyms:

Convolvulus soldanellus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 159. 1753

Calystegia reniformis R. Br.

C. soldanelloides Makino

Convolvulus asarifolius Salisbury

C. maritimus Lam.

C. reniformis (R. Br.) Poir.

Thu, 2011-09-15 04:32 -- Esmond
Erycibe henryi

Author:
Fang R.C. & G. Staples
Contributors:
Distribution Map:
Common names and uses:
tai wan ding gong teng (Chinese).
Author:
Fang R.C. & G. Staples
Distribution:

Taiwan [S Japan including Ryukyu Islands].

Ecology:

Thickets,
secondary forests, sandstone cliffs; 0–300 m.

Editor:
George Staples, Esmond Er
Flowers:
Pedicel 4–13 mm. Sepals elliptic-circular, 2–3 mm, pubescent abaxially. Corolla white, 8–10 mm; lobules oblong-elliptic, margin entire or undulate, involute, midpetaline bands rust-colored appressed pubescent abaxially. Stamens ca. 2 mm; filaments ca. as long as anthers; anthers triangular, apex acuminate to caudate. Ovary columnar (drum-shaped), glabrous; stigma depressed conical, wider than ovary, 5-ridged.
Fruits:
Fruit black, ellipsoid, ca. 1.8 × 1 cm, glabrous.
Habit:
Shrubs, climbing. Branchlets striate.
Inflorescences:
Inflorescences terminal or axillary, paniculate, ± conical, 2–15 cm, ± brownish appressed pubescent.
Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication:

Erycibe henryi Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 73(2): 15. 1904.

Leaves:
Petiole 1.5–3 cm, puberulous; leaf blade broadly elliptic, 5–7 × 3–4.5 cm, rigidly papery, glabrous, base cuneate, apex abruptly acuminate or cuspidate; lateral veins 4–6 pairs.
Phenology:

Flw. Jun-Sep; frt. Mar-Apr.

References:

Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 271–325.

References:

Fang R.C., G. Staples, et al. 1995. Convolvulaceae in P. Raven & C.Y. Wu (eds.) Flora of China 16: 271–325.

Synonyms:

Erycibe acutifolia Hayata

Thu, 2011-09-15 04:14 -- Esmond

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