Merremia cissoides

Nomenclature

Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication: 

Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552. 1893. 

Synonyms: 

Convolvulus cissoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Meth. Bot. 1: 462. 1791. TYPE. French Guiana. Cayenne, Leblond s.n. (P-Lamarck). 

Batatas cissoides (Lam.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 438. 1834. 

Ipomoea cissoides (Lam.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. Isl. 473. 1861. 

Pharbitis cissoides (Lam.) Peter in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 3. 1897.

Convolvulus calycinus Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 109. 1819. TYPE. Cuba. A. Bonpland (P-Bonpl.). 

Convolvulus riparius Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 109. 1819. TYPE. Venezuela. Amazonas ad Orinocum: A. Bonpland (P, microfiche seen; isotype, B-W  3719).

Convolvulus orinocensis Willd. in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 4: 303. 1819. TYPE. Venezuela. ad Oronocum. Humboldt (B). 

Convolvulus pilosus Wikström, Vet. Akad. Handl. Stock. 60:60 1827 (1828). TYPE. Guadaloupe. Forsström s.n. (not located).

Convolvulus guadaloupensis Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 409. 1840, new name based on C. pilosus Wikström.

Batatas cissoides var. integrifolia Choisy in DeCandolle, Prodr. 9: 339. 1845. TYPE. Guadalupe. Based on Convolvulus pilosus Wikström. 

Batatas cissoides var. maxima Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 6: 438. 1834. TYPE. A new name for Convolvulus riparius Kunth and for C. orinocensis Willd.

Ipomoea cissoides forma γ subsessilis Meisn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 229. 1869. Type: Brazil. “Brasilia austral”, Sello (syntype); Minas Gerais: ad Caldas, Nov, Lindberg 164 (syntype S); Regnell I-304 (syntypes C, M).

Merremia cissoides forma subsessilis (Meisn.) Hoehne, Mem. Inst. Butantan 1: 59. 1923.

Merremia cissoides forma guaranitica Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 280. 1907. TYPE. Paraguay. Tobaty, Hassler 6333 (syntype G); Y’aca, Hassler 6753 (syntype G).

Merremia cissoides forma tomentosa Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 280. 1907. TYPE. Paraguay. Y’aca, Hassler 6701 (holotype G). 

Ipomoea cissoides forma α vulgaris Meisn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 229. 1869, invalid, substitute name for forma cissoides.

Ipomoea cissoides forma β viscidula Meisn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 229. 1869. TYPE. French Guiana. Poiteau (syntype); Suriname. Wullschlaegel 1520 (syntype); Splitgerber (syntype); Brazil. Bahia: in siccis et arenosis prope Ilheos, May, Riedel (syntype); Minas Gerais: prope Lagoa Santa, Warming (syntype).

Ipomoea cissoides forma ɤ diminuta Meisn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 229. 1869. TYPE. Brazil. Bahia: circa Bahia, Blanchet 3329 (type). 

Ipomoea cissoides forma ε major Meisn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 229. 1869. TYPE. Brazil. Amazonas: ad Rio Vaupes prope Panure, Oct, R. Spruce 2813 (type).

Ipomoea cissoides forma ζ subintegrifolia Meisn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 229. 1869. TYPE. Brazil. Minas Gerais: ad Jardim, Widgren 230 (syntype); Widgren 307 (syntype C, MO, U); Sao Paulo: in campis Ytú, m. Feb, Riedel (syntype); without location, Sello (syntype).

Ipomoea cissoides forma η integrifolia Meisn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7: 230. 1869. TYPE. Brazil. Minas Gerais: prope Barra das Velhas, Pohl (syntype); ad Chapada, Pohl (syntype); in eadem provincia ad sepes et sylvarum margines pr. Lagoa Santa, Warming (syntype).

Ipomoea cissoides var. guadaloupensis (Steud.) House, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 206. 1908, nom. illegit.

Merremia cissoides forma diminuta (Meisn.) Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 279. 1907.

Merremia cissoides forma vulgaris (Meisn.) Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 279. 1907, nom. illegit.

Merremia cissoides forma major (Meisn.) Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 279. 1907.

Merremia hirsuta O'Donell, Dusenia 3: 275. 1952. TYPE. Brazil. Minas Gerais: Lindberg 164 (holotype, S). 

Description

Habit: 
Herbs; the stems twining or less commonly reclinate, cylindrical, hirsute-pilose and often glandular as well, reaching 3-4 m in length.
Leaves: 
Petioles 3-5 cm long, hirsute-pilose to glabrous and/or glandular. Leaf blades palmately compound, the leaflets 3-5 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, elliptic, mucronate, the margins entire to dentate, petiolules 1-5 mm long.
Inflorescences: 
Flowers 1-7 in cymose clusters or less commonly solitary, the peduncles 5-10 cm long, the pedicels 3-10 mm long, the bracts 3-15 mm long, 1 mm wide, linear, glandular, glabrous or hirsute-pilose.
Flowers: 
Sepals subequal or the outer slightly shorter, 1.2-5 cm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, subrhomboid to obovate-acuminate, the inner with a cordate to truncate base, densely glandular pubescent or hirsute-pilose; corolla white, funnelform, 2.5-3.5 cm long, glabrous; stamens unequal, the filaments 9-11 mm long, glandular pubescent basally, anthers 3-4 mm long, spiraled with dehiscence; pollen 3-colpate; ovary conic-ovoid, 1-2 mm long, the style 13-15 mm long, the stigma 2-globose.
Pollen: 
Pollen 3-colpate.
Fruits: 
Fruits capsular, globose to depressed-globose, 7-8 mm in diameter, about as long, light brown, glabrous, 3-4-valvate; 3-4-locular
Seeds: 
Seeds 3-4, black, rotund, 4-4.5 mm long, with short trichomes spread over the surface.
Author: 
Staples, G.W. & D.F. Austin.
References: 

Austin, D. F. & G. W. Staples. Convolvulaceae in Flora Neotropica [unpublished data]. 

Biogeography, Ecology and Natural History

Distribution Map: 
Distribution: 

Found in Mexico, Middle America and South America; also naturalized in several places in the Old World tropics.

Native and widespread in tropical America; in Asia, known to be in India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. 

Ecology: 

Weedy
along roadsides, in Agricutlural fields and waste places. Altitude: 220–600 m. 

Phenology: 

Flowering: January; fruiting: January. 

Author: 
Staples, G.W. & D.F. Austin.
References: 

Austin, D. F. & G. W. Staples. Convolvulaceae in Flora Neotropica [unpublished data]. 

Staples, G. 2010. Convolvulaceae. Fl. Thailand 10(3): 330–468.

Authorship for webpage

Editor: 
George Staples, Esmond Er
Contributors: 
Classification: 
Merremia cissoides
Tue, 2011-10-04 08:15 -- Esmond
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