Cuscuta californica

Nomenclature

Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication: 

Cuscuta californica Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy., 364. 1839.

Synonyms: 

Cuscuta californica Hook. & Arn. var. graciliflora Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 1:499. 1859.

Cuscuta californica Hook. & Arn. var. longiloba Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 1:499. 1859.

Description

Inflorescences: 
loose to dense paniculate cymes of 3–20 flowers, confluent; pedicels (0.5–) 1.0–2.5(–3.0) mm long; one bract at the base of the cymes and another (or not) at the base of the pedicels, membranous, ovate to lanceolate, 0.7–1.6 × 0.3–6 mm, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, sometimes ± recurved.
Flowers: 
5-merous, 3–5(–5.5) mm long, fleshy; papillae sometimes present on the pedicels, receptacle, calyx and corolla; laticifers isolated, elongated present in the corolla and capsules; calyx 1.5–2.2 mm long, golden yellow when dried, finely reticulate and shiny, turbinate-campanulate, ± angled, 3/4 to ca. equaling the corolla tube length, divided 1/2–2/3 to the base, tube 0.4–0.7 mm long, lobes 0.8–2 mm long, equal, triangular-ovate to lanceolate, overlapping at base, acute to acuminate, margins entire; corolla 3–5 mm long, white when fresh, creamy when dried, the tube 1.6–2.4 mm long, cylindric-campanulate to obconic, lobes 2.0–2.6 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, equaling or longer than the corolla tube, initially erect, later reflexed, not overlapping at the base, apex acute, not inflexed; stamens exserted when the flowers are completely open, anthers oblong to linear, 0.6–1 × 0.35–0.5 mm, filaments 0.6–1 mm long; infrastaminal scales absent or reduced to ridges; ovary ovoid to obovoid, not thickened and enlarged apically into a collar, styles evenly filiform, 1.2–2.2 mm long, ca. as long or longer than the ovary.
Pollen: 
3(–4)-zonocolpate (16–)17.5–22.6(–26) μm, polymorph, sphaerical to prolate (the latter more common), rounded at poles, tectum imperforatum or with a few puncta, 0.2–0.3 μm in diameter, granulate.
Fruits: 
Capsules globose or ovoid-conic, 1.5–2.2 × 1.2–2.5 mm, sometimes apically pointed, indehiscent, entirely surrounded but not capped by the withered corolla with patent or reflexed lobes; interstylar aperture may be somewhat visible.
Seeds: 
1–4 per capsule, not visible through the persistent corolla and pericarp, 0.90–1.4 x 0.85–1.2 mm, dorsoventrally compressed, broadly-elliptic to obovate, hilum lateral, inconspicuous, subround 0.10–0.15 mm, vascular scar 0.05–0.06 mm, vertical; entirely alveolate (hilum area included) when dry and papillose when hydrated, cells 25–50 μm in diameter.
Author: 
Mihai Costea
References: 

Costea, M., S. Stefanović. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of Cuscuta californica complex and a new species from New Mexico and Trans-Pecos. Syst. Bot. 34: 570–579.

Costea, M., G. L. Nesom, and S. Stefanovic´.2006a. Taxonomy of the Cuscuta salina californica complex (Convolvulaceae) . Sida 22: 176–195

Costea, M. 2007-onwards. Digital Atlas of Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae). Wilfrid Laurier University Herbarium, Ontario, Canada. Flower morphology; pollen; living plants.

Yuncker, T. G. 1932. The genus Cuscuta. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 18: 113–331.

Cytology

Chromosome number: 
28
Publication: 
Beliz, T. 1986. A revision of Cuscuta sect. Cleistogrammica using phenetic and cladistic analyses with a comparison of reproductive mechanisms and host preferences in species from California, Mexico, and Central America. Ph.D. diss., Univ. of California, Berkeley.
Author: 
Mihai Costea

Biogeography, Ecology and Natural History

Distribution: 

U.S.A.: Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington; Mexico: Baja California

Ecology: 

Grows at 50–3,000 m elevation on numerous herbs and shrubs from various habitats: sandy desert areas, chaparral, coastal sage scrub, grasslands, Pinus ponderosa forests, and roadsides.

Author: 
Mihai Costea

Authorship for webpage

Editor: 
Mihai Costea
Classification: 

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