Dinetus racemosus

Nomenclature

Accepted name/Authority/Place of publication: 

Dinetus racemosus (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Sweet, Brit. fl. gard. 2: tab. 127. [1 Oct.] 1825.

Synonyms: 

Dinetus racemosus

Porana cordifolia Ledeb., Indicis Seminum Horti Academici Dorpatensis, suppl. 2: 6. [6 Dec.] 1824.  TYPE: Estonia. [Tartu:] cultivated in hort. bot. Dorpat, Herb. Ledebour s.n. (lectotype: LE; isolectotypes: LE, W). 

Porana racemosa J. Jacq. in Sprengel, Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 1: 614. 1825 [late 1824] non Roxb. (Mar-June 1824). Type: Nepal. Wallich Cat. 1326 (lectotype: W; isolectotypes: LE, S, W).  

Porana dichotoma Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. fl. nepal. 99. [1 Jan.-1 Feb.] 1825, invalid under Art. 34.

Porana elegans Zoll. in Zollinger & Moritzi, Natuur-Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië  2: 571. 1844.  TYPE: [Indonesia.] Java: in montosis Tengger, pr. Poespo, Oct. 1844, Zollinger distr. 2560 (lectotype: A; isolectotypes: BM, G, LE, P).

Porana gagnepainiana H. Lév., Cat. pl. Yun-Nan 58. 1916.  TYPE: China. Yunnan: haies de la plaine à Long-Ky, June 1912, E. Maire s.n. (holotype: E; isotypes: A, G, W).   

Porana racemosa Roxb. var. tomentella C.Y. Wu, Yunnan Trop. & Subtrop. Floristics Res. Rept. 1: 103. tab. 33, fig. 4. 1965. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Jennyeh Hsien, Hwei-du, Oct.-Nov. 1936, C.W. Wang 80276 (holotype: KUN; isotype: A). 

Porana racemosa Roxb. var. violacea C.Y. Wu,  Yunnan Trop. & Subtrop. Floristics Res. Rept. 1: 103. tab. 34, fig. 1. 1965. TYPE: CHINA. Sichuan: Muli Xian, 7 Sep. 1937, T.T. Yü 14179 (holotype: KUN; isotype: A, KUN).

Description

Habit: 
Perennial (or annual) twiner to 3–5(–20) m in length, sericeous or glabrous. Stem terete, smooth or striate, often minutely verruculose, stramineous to purplish, pubescent, later glabrate. Indumentum yellowish to silvery, axial parts: hairs simple and 2-armed; laminar parts: hairs simple on veins and along blade margins, 2- and 3-armed on blade surface.
Leaves: 
Leaf petiole 2.9–7.7 cm long, glabrous or puberulent; blade deeply cordate, 6–16.7 by 3.3–9.4 cm, basal sinus narrow, apex attenuate-acuminate, adaxially darker, strigose, abaxially paler, puberulous to tomentellous or rarely tomentose-sericeous.
Inflorescences: 
Inflorescence solitary (or paired), spreading, paniculate, 13–45 cm long; lower bracts petiolate, petiole 3–20 mm long, or sessile, amplexicaule, blade cordate, 2.6–4.6 by 1.4–2.8 cm, persistent; upper bracts 1.8–2.8 by 0.9–2.2 cm, diminishing to scales, deciduous; pedicel filiform, 4–7 mm; bracteoles 2, minute scales.
Flowers: 
Flowers fragrant; buds slenderly fusiform, (4–)5–7(–8) mm long, apex acute, tufted with yellowish-gold hairs. Sepals lanceolate-linear, equal, 1–2 by < 1 mm, acute to attenuate, glabrous and dark colored to densely silvery or golden sericeous. Corolla funnelform, white (rarely violet, see Notes), tube base yellow, membranous, (7–)8–11 by (6–)8–12(–13) mm, tube narrow, limb flaring, deeply 5-lobed or 5-parted, lobes obtuse, apiculate, glabrous inside and out except for abaxial tufts of hairs on lobe apices. Stamens unequal, ca. 1.5–2.5 mm long; filaments adnate to corolla tube, base pilose, glabrous above; anthers ca. 0.5 mm long, white; pollen 3-colpate, prolate to obtuse rectangular, 18–20 by 12–13(–15) micrometer, surface psilate. Pistil equal to or just longer than calyx; disc absent; ovary ovoid, < 0.5 mm tall, smooth; style ca. 1.5–2.5 mm long; stigma ellipsoid to claviform, apically emarginate or slightly bilobed.
Pollen: 
Pollen 3-colpate, prolate to obtuse rectangular, 18–20 by 12–13(–15) micrometer, surface psilate.
Fruits: 
Fruiting calyx venose, reflexed; sepals spatulate to slenderly obovate, flat or slightly concave, 9–14(–18) by 2.5–4(–5) cm, margins entire, apex rounded or obtuse, apiculate, chartaceous, tan, brownish or purplish, inner surface opaque or slightly shiny, glabrous, outer surface opaque, puberulent or glabrous. Utricle pendant, slenderly ellipsoid to obovoid, 5–7(–9) by 3–4(–5) mm, apex apiculate or acute, thinly chartaceous, fragile, tan to stramineous, basally sometimes with 5 darker brown-purple streaks, glabrous.
Seeds: 
Seed ellipsoid to subglobose, 3–5 by 2.5–4 mm, reddish brown to dark brown, smooth, glabrous. Seedlings with visible hypocotyl; cotyledons ovate, apex acute or tridentate.
Author: 
G. Staples
References: 

Staples, G.W. 2006. Blumea 51: 403–491.

Cytology

Chromosome number: 
28
Author: 
Manitz, H.
References: 

Manitz, H. 1983. Wiss. Z. Friederich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 32: 915–944. 

Biogeography, Ecology and Natural History

Distribution Map: 
Distribution: 

Pakistan throughout N India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar and 

Ecology: 

Open sites in
forests, thickets, scrub, on hillsides and along watercourses on diverse soil
types (e.g., sand, limestone, humus, granitic, loam, schistaceous, rocky,
“terre rouge riche”) at (50–)1000–2000(–3200) m altitude. Evidently weedy and
now often associated with human habitations and disturbance.

Phenology: 

Indian subcontinent, east to Bangladesh

Months

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Flowering specimens

2

2

1

3

2

2

23

47

11

Fruiting specimens

3

4

1

2

5

23

14

Myanmar, Southeast Asia, peninsular Malaysia

Months

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Flowering specimens

2

1

5

16

14

8

Fruiting specimens

4

2

1

11

15

China

Months

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Flowering specimens

4

2

2

3

8

83

56

10

2

Fruiting specimens

1

2

1

10

58

38

16

Malesia

Months

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Flowering specimens

5

5

5

5

1

1

Fruiting specimens

2

3

1

1

Author: 
G. Staples
References: 

Staples, G.W. 2006. Blumea 51: 403–491.

Other information

Common names and uses: 
Snow creeper (Nepal, Bhutan); ma-ywe (Myanmar, Kachin); bai hua teng, xiao yuan bao (China); phung khruea daeng (Thailand, Chiang Mai); khua tak tenk (Laos); rendeng, srintil, tjloenga, tjoenlor (Java); bofa-bofa (Alor, Lesser Sunda Islands). Dinetus racemosus has several ethnobotanical uses across its geographic range. In China it is used for treating “wind damage” and dyspepsia (Fang, D. et al. Guangxi yaoyong zhi wu minglu. 1986); the plant parts used and the method of preparation are not stated. In Laos, “…les jeunes feuilles sont comestibles les Laotiens les mangent avec du piment.” (ex label Poilane 2080) and “…sont comestibles à l’état vert et à l’état sec.” (ex label Poilane in herb. A. Chevalier 2375).
General comments: 

Dinetus racemosus is the core species in a group of 5 herbaceous perennial species that are widespread in tropical and subtropical Asia. The small, funnelform, deeply 5-lobed corolla, unequal stamens with almost the entire filament adnate to the corolla tube, and ellipsoid, scarcely bilobed stigma typify this group of species, which overlap in terms of vegetative and floral characters; only fruiting sepal and utricle characters serve to conclusively differentiate them. 

Authorship for webpage

Editor: 
George Staples, Esmond Er
Contributors: 
Classification: 
Dinetus racemosus
Fri, 2011-09-23 03:05 -- Esmond
http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/23fae7ceaa50619ce7ef9c7d4922f7b2.jpg?d=https%3A//convolvulaceae.myspecies.info/sites/all/modules/contrib/gravatar/avatar.png&s=100&r=G

Add new comment

More information about text formats

To prevent automated spam submissions leave this field empty.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Image CAPTCHA
Enter the characters shown in the image.
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith